Page 45:
According to Graham Webster, The discussion of Moorish militarism begins distinctly with the ancient martial conflicts between Rome and Carthage. Moorish soldiers are mentioned as early as the expedition to Sicily in 406 B.C., in a revolt by a certain Hanno (circa 350 B.C.) and the Roman invasion of Africa in 256 B.C. 46 They are similarly mentioned in Livy's account of the second Punic War ( 218-201 B.C. ) 47 In their bitter, prolonged and increasingly desperate struggle for national independence and control of the western Mediterranean, the Carthaginians utilized Moorish troops as integral elements in all of their battle campaigns. With the Numidians, the Moors fought on the side of the Carthaginians against the Romans. These redoubtable Moorish warriors greatly aided the Carthaginians, and were particularly beneficial to Hannibal Barca- the illustrious African general. Indeed, Hannibal, "who had over 6,000(Moors) at his disposal, suffered his only defeat when they were no longer available."

Page 47, Section 3:
An original brass military diploma which dates from the middle of the second century A.D. mentions Moorish soldiers in Moesia, which is modern Serbia. Another military diploma of A.D. 158 speaks of Moorish soldiers from Africa in Dacia, or modern Rumania, and also of auxiliary troops of the Dacian Moors. A Roman document, Notitia Dignitatum, which dates from the beginning of the fifth century A.D., mentions several Moorish Battalions in the Balkans and the Moorish Military colony Ad Mauros which was located on the Inn River near Vienna; and in what is modern Besarabia, there was a city called Maurocastrum. According to the document Notitia Dignitatum, 2500 to 5000 Illyrian Moorish Soldiers, in five separate military units, had served in the Near East. From this document we must deduce that at the beginning of the fifty century at least 100,000 descendants of Moors lived in Illyricun, which was located in the present-day Balkans.

Page 187, Section 1:
Pimienta Bey tells us: "I was a bit disappointed with Dr. Diop on his brief assessment of the Moors. For a man who so often analyzed words and their significance, Dr. Diop failed to address the etymology of the word "Moor." Wayne B. Chandler in his essay: "The Moor: Light of Europe 's Dark Age," informs us that the English word "Moor" originally comes from the Greek adjective "Mauros," which literally means "black" or very dark in color. The Romans would later adopt the word as a reference for the black-skinned inhabitants they encountered in Africa. Again, we recall that it was the ancient Romans who called the entire region of northwestern Africa Mauretania. Needless to say, this translates from the Latin as "the land of the black-skinned people".

Section 2:
Diop says that "When Mohammed was born, Arabia was a black African colony with Mecca as its capital."He adds: "The entire Arab people, including the Prophet, are mixed with black African blood." All these facts compel us to reevaluate the significance of Diop's initial inference that the Moors and Berbers are unequivocally one and the same.

Richard Brace sheds additional light upon the origins of the Moors, and the apparent synonymy of the term "Moor" with Berbers. Although Brace doesn't specifically say whether he considers "Berber" to be Synonymous with "Moor," one can see the correlation when Brace writes: "The Berbers come to the Maghrib at least as early as the second millennium B.C. ("Aurignacian, Solutrian and Magdalenian stages") sixteen centuries before the Arab conquest... it is judged that they came from the east, perhaps the Red Sea or Egypt, (emphasis mine) possibly further."

Brace also maintains that their language was "Hamitic" and is related to the ancient Egyptian.

In discussing the ethnic foundations of Morocco, Brace says nothing of "Moors," preferring to use only the term "Berber." But Brace's designation of the "Berber" language as "Hamitic," is most telling. It is significant to note that the term " Moabitarum" is very frequently used by medieval-era European writers to describe the "Moorish" inhabitants of northwest Africa or Mauretania.